Magungunan kwayoyin halittasuna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da ayyukan dukkan halittu masu rai, gami da mutane. Wadannan mahadi suna da alaƙa da tsarin su na tushen carbon da ikon su na samar da hadaddun kwayoyin halitta. Daga cikin nau'o'in sinadarai masu yawa, hudu sun bayyana a matsayin suna da mahimmanci musamman ga lafiyar ɗan adam da tsarin nazarin halittu: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, da nucleotides.
1. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates rukuni ne na sinadarai na halitta waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen tushen kuzari ga jiki. Sun ƙunshi carbon, hydrogen, da oxygen atom, yawanci a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1. Carbohydrates an rarrabe su cikin manyan rukuni uku: saukin sukari (monosaccharides), hadaddun sukari (Unaccharides da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber m abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber m abinci), da fiber menary), da fiber m abinci), da fiber na abinci), da fiber m abinci), da fiber menary), da fiber mendiary), da fiber mares. Sikari mai sauƙi, irin su glucose, su ne ginshiƙan ginshiƙan ƙwayoyin carbohydrates masu rikitarwa kuma jiki a shirye yake ɗauka don samar da kuzari. Sikari mai rikitarwa, kamar sucrose (sukari) da sitaci, sun ƙunshi raka'o'in sukari masu sauƙi waɗanda aka haɗa tare. Fiber na abinci, a gefe guda, ba zai iya narkewa ta hanyar enzymes na ɗan adam kuma yana wucewa ta tsarin narkewa, yana haɓaka aikin hanji lafiya.
2. Lipids
Lipids rukuni ne daban-daban nakwayoyin sunadaraida farko sun ƙunshi carbon, hydrogen, da oxygen atom. Ba su iya narkewa a cikin ruwa amma suna narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta. Lipids suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yawancin hanyoyin nazarin halittu, gami da ajiyar makamashi, tsarin membrane cell, da sigina. Manyan nau'ikan lipids guda uku sune mai, mai, da kakin zuma. Fat ɗin suna da ƙarfi a cikin ɗaki kuma suna kunshe da glycerol esterified tare da ƙwayoyin fatty acid guda uku. Mai, a gefe guda, ruwa ne a zafin jiki kuma yana ɗauke da fatty acids mara nauyi. Waxes ne m lipids da aka yawanci amfani da kayan shafawa da kuma kyandirori.
3. Sunadaran
Sunadaran sunadaran sinadarai masu sarƙaƙƙiya waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsari, aiki, da daidaita ƙwayoyin jiki, kyallen takarda, da gabobin jiki. Sun ƙunshi amino acid ɗin da aka haɗe su ta hanyar haɗin peptide. Sunadaran suna taka rawa iri-iri a cikin jiki, gami da catalysis enzymatic, goyon bayan tsari, tsarin hormone, da aikin rigakafi. Ana rarraba sunadaran ne bisa ga siffarsu, aikinsu, da tushensu. Wasu nau'ikan sunadaran gama gari sun haɗa da enzymes, antibodies, hormones, da sunadarai na tsari kamar collagen da keratin.
4. Nucleotides
Nucleotides su ne tubalan ginin acid nucleic, wadanda ke da mahimmanci don adanawa da watsa bayanan kwayoyin halitta a cikin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta. Nucleotides sun ƙunshi tushe mai ɗauke da nitrogen, sukari mai carbon biyar (ribose ko deoxyribose), da ɗaya ko fiye da ƙungiyoyin phosphate. Tushen da ke ɗauke da nitrogen sune adenine, guanine, cytosine, timin (a cikin DNA) ko uracil (a cikin RNA). An haɗa Nucleotides tare don samar da sarƙoƙi na acid nucleic, waɗanda daga baya a naɗe su a naɗe su cikin hadaddun sifofi da ake kira nucleic acid. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) da RNA (ribonucleic acid) sune manyan nau'ikan acid nucleic guda biyu da ake samu a cikin sel masu rai.
A taƙaice, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, da nucleotides sune manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗukwayoyin sunadaraiwaɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga lafiyar ɗan adam da hanyoyin nazarin halittu. Wadannan mahadi suna taka rawa iri-iri a cikin jiki, kama daga samar da makamashi da adanawa zuwa tallafi na tsari da watsa bayanan kwayoyin halitta. Fahimtar tsari da aikin waɗannan sinadarai na halitta yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiya mai kyau da hana cututtuka.
